史上最复杂的验证邮件地址的正则表达式

用正则表达式验证邮件地址似乎是一件简单的事情，但是如果要完美的验证一个合规的邮件地址，其实也许很复杂。

邮件地址的规范来自于 RFC 5322 。有一个网站 emailregex.com 专门列出各种编程语言下的验证邮件地址的正则表达式，其中很多正则表达式都是我听说过而从未见过的复杂——我想说，做这个网站的程序员是被邮件验证这件事伤害了多深啊！

其实，在产品环境中，一般来说并不需要这么复杂的正则表达式来做到99.99%正确。一般来说，从执行效率和测试覆盖率来说，只需要一个简单的版本即可：

/^[A-Z0-9._%+-]+@[A-Z0-9.-]+.[A-Z]{2,4}$/i

那么下面我们来看看这些更严谨、更复杂的正则表达式吧：

验证邮件地址的通用正则表达式（符合 RFC 5322 标准）

(?:[a-z0-9!#$%&'*+/=?^_`{|}~-]+(?:.[a-z0-9!#$%&'*+/=?^_`{|}~-]+)*|"(?:[x01-x08x0bx0cx0e-x1fx21x23-x5bx5d-x7f]|\[x01-x09x0bx0cx0e-x7f])*")@(?:(?:[a-z0-9](?:[a-z0-9-]*[a-z0-9])?.)+[a-z0-9](?:[a-z0-9-]*[a-z0-9])?|[(?:(?:25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[01]?[0-9][0-9]?).){3}(?:25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[01]?[0-9][0-9]?|[a-z0-9-]*[a-z0-9]:(?:[x01-x08x0bx0cx0e-x1fx21-x5ax53-x7f]|\[x01-x09x0bx0cx0e-x7f])+)])

由于各种语言对正则表达式的支持不同、语法差异和覆盖率不同，所以，不同语言里面的正则表达式也不同：

Python

这个是个简单的版本：

r"(^[a-zA-Z0-9_.+-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9-]+.[a-zA-Z0-9-.]+$)"

Javascript

这个有点复杂了：

/^[-a-z0-9~!$%^&*_=+}{'?]+(.[-a-z0-9~!$%^&*_=+}{'?]+)*@([a-z0-9_][-a-z0-9_]*(.[-a-z0-9_]+)*.(aero|arpa|biz|com|coop|edu|gov|info|int|mil|museum|name|net|org|pro|travel|mobi|[a-z][a-z])|([0-9]{1,3}.[0-9]{1,3}.[0-9]{1,3}.[0-9]{1,3}))(:[0-9]{1,5})?$/i

Swift

[A-Z0-9a-z._%+-]+@[A-Za-z0-9.-]+\.[A-Za-z]{2,6}

PHP

PHP 的这个版本就更复杂了，覆盖率就更大一些：

/^(?!(?:(?:x22?x5C[x00-x7E]x22?)|(?:x22?[^x5Cx22]x22?)){255,})(?!(?:(?:x22?x5C[x00-x7E]x22?)|(?:x22?[^x5Cx22]x22?)){65,}@)(?:(?:[x21x23-x27x2Ax2Bx2Dx2F-x39x3Dx3Fx5E-x7E]+)|(?:x22(?:[x01-x08x0Bx0Cx0E-x1Fx21x23-x5Bx5D-x7F]|(?:x5C[x00-x7F]))*x22))(?:.(?:(?:[x21x23-x27x2Ax2Bx2Dx2F-x39x3Dx3Fx5E-x7E]+)|(?:x22(?:[x01-x08x0Bx0Cx0E-x1Fx21x23-x5Bx5D-x7F]|(?:x5C[x00-x7F]))*x22)))*@(?:(?:(?!.*[^.]{64,})(?:(?:(?:xn--)?[a-z0-9]+(?:-[a-z0-9]+)*.){1,126}){1,}(?:(?:[a-z][a-z0-9]*)|(?:(?:xn--)[a-z0-9]+))(?:-[a-z0-9]+)*)|(?:[(?:(?:IPv6:(?:(?:[a-f0-9]{1,4}(?::[a-f0-9]{1,4}){7})|(?:(?!(?:.*[a-f0-9][:]]){7,})(?:[a-f0-9]{1,4}(?::[a-f0-9]{1,4}){0,5})?::(?:[a-f0-9]{1,4}(?::[a-f0-9]{1,4}){0,5})?)))|(?:(?:IPv6:(?:(?:[a-f0-9]{1,4}(?::[a-f0-9]{1,4}){5}:)|(?:(?!(?:.*[a-f0-9]:){5,})(?:[a-f0-9]{1,4}(?::[a-f0-9]{1,4}){0,3})?::(?:[a-f0-9]{1,4}(?::[a-f0-9]{1,4}){0,3}:)?)))?(?:(?:25[0-5])|(?:2[0-4][0-9])|(?:1[0-9]{2})|(?:[1-9]?[0-9]))(?:.(?:(?:25[0-5])|(?:2[0-4][0-9])|(?:1[0-9]{2})|(?:[1-9]?[0-9]))){3}))]))$/iD

Perl / Ruby

对与 PHP 的版本，Perl 和 Ruby 表示不服，可以更严谨：

(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*(?:(?:(?:[^()<>@,;:\".[] 00-31]+(?:(?:(?:rn)?[ t])+|Z|(?=[["()<>@,;:\".[]]))|"(?:[^"r\]|\.|(?:(?:rn)?[ t]))*"(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*)(?:.(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*(?:[^()<>@,;:\".[] 00-31]+(?:(?:(?:rn)?[ t])+|Z|(?=[["()<>@,;:\".[]]))|"(?:[^"r\]|\.|(?:(?:rn)?[t]))*"(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*))*@(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*(?:[^()<>@,;:\".[] 00-31]+(?:(?:(?:rn)?[ t])+|Z|(?=[["()<>@,;:\".[]]))|[([^[]r\]|\.)*](?:(?:rn)?[ t])*)(?:.(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*(?:[^()<>@,;:\".[] 00-31]+(?:(?:(?:rn)?[ t])+|Z|(?=[["()<>@,;:\".[]]))|[([^[]r\]|\.)*](?:(?:rn)?[ t])*))*|(?:[^()<>@,;:\".[] 00-31]+(?:(?:(?:rn)?[ t])+|Z|(?=[["()<>@,;:\".[]]))|"(?:[^"r\]|\.|(?:(?:rn)?[ t]))*"(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*)*<(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*(?:@(?:[^()<>@,;:\".[] 00-31]+(?:(?:(?:rn)?[ t])+|Z|(?=[["()<>@,;:\".[]]))|[([^[]r\]|\.)*](?:(?:rn)?[t])*)(?:.(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*(?:[^()<>@,;:\".[] 00-31]+(?:(?:(?:rn)?[ t])+|Z|(?=[["()<>@,;:\".[]]))|[([^[]r\]|\.)*](?:(?:rn)?[ t])*))*(?:,@(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*(?:[^()<>@,;:\".[] 00-31]+(?:(?:(?:rn)?[t])+|Z|(?=[["()<>@,;:\".[]]))|[([^[]r\]|\.)*](?:(?:rn)?[ t])*)(?:.(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*(?:[^()<>@,;:\".[] 00-31]+(?:(?:(?:rn)?[ t])+|Z|(?=[["()<>@,;:\".[]]))|[([^[]r\]|\.)*](?:(?:rn)?[ t])*))*)*:(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*)?(?:[^()<>@,;:\".[] 00-31]+(?:(?:(?:rn)?[ t])+|Z|(?=[["()<>@,;:\".[]]))|"(?:[^"r\]|\.|(?:(?:rn)?[ t]))*"(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*)(?:.(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*(?:[^()<>@,;:\".[] 00-31]+(?:(?:(?:rn)?[ t])+|Z|(?=[["()<>@,;:\".[]]))|"(?:[^"r\]|\.|(?:(?:rn)?[ t]))*"(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*))*@(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*(?:[^()<>@,;:\".[] 00-31]+(?:(?:(?:rn)?[ t])+|Z|(?=[["()<>@,;:\".[]]))|[([^[]r\]|\.)*](?:(?:rn)?[ t])*)(?:.(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*(?:[^()<>@,;:\".[] 00-31]+(?:(?:(?:rn)?[ t])+|Z|(?=[["()<>@,;:\".[]]))|[([^[]r\]|\.)*](?:(?:rn)?[ t])*))*>(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*)|(?:[^()<>@,;:\".[] 00-31]+(?:(?:(?:rn)?[ t])+|Z|(?=[["()<>@,;:\".[]]))|"(?:[^"r\]|\.|(?:(?:rn)?[ t]))*"(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*)*:(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*(?:(?:(?:[^()<>@,;:\".[]00-31]+(?:(?:(?:rn)?[ t])+|Z|(?=[["()<>@,;:\".[]]))|"(?:[^"r\]|\.|(?:(?:rn)?[ t]))*"(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*)(?:.(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*(?:[^()<>@,;:\".[] 00-31]+(?:(?:(?:rn)?[ t])+|Z|(?=[["()<>@,;:\".[]]))|"(?:[^"r\]|\.|(?:(?:rn)?[ t]))*"(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*))*@(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*(?:[^()<>@,;:\".[] 00-31]+(?:(?:(?:rn)?[ t])+|Z|(?=[["()<>@,;:\".[]]))|[([^[]r\]|\.)*](?:(?:rn)?[ t])*)(?:.(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*(?:[^()<>@,;:\".[] 00-31]+(?:(?:(?:rn)?[ t])+|Z|(?=[["()<>@,;:\".[]]))|[([^[]r\]|\.)*](?:(?:rn)?[ t])*))*|(?:[^()<>@,;:\".[] 00-31]+(?:(?:(?:rn)?[ t])+|Z|(?=[["()<>@,;:\".[]]))|"(?:[^"r\]|\.|(?:(?:rn)?[ t]))*"(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*)*<(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*(?:@(?:[^()<>@,;:\".[] 00-31]+(?:(?:(?:rn)?[ t])+|Z|(?=[["()<>@,;:\".[]]))|[([^[]r\]|\.)*](?:(?:rn)?[ t])*)(?:.(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*(?:[^()<>@,;:\".[] 00-31]+(?:(?:(?:rn)?[ t])+|Z|(?=[["()<>@,;:\".[]]))|[([^[]r\]|\.)*](?:(?:rn)?[ t])*))*(?:,@(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*(?:[^()<>@,;:\".[] 00-31]+(?:(?:(?:rn)?[ t])+|Z|(?=[["()<>@,;:\".[]]))|[([^[]r\]|\.)*](?:(?:rn)?[ t])*)(?:.(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*(?:[^()<>@,;:\".[]00-31]+(?:(?:(?:rn)?[ t])+|Z|(?=[["()<>@,;:\".[]]))|[([^[]r\]|\.)*](?:(?:rn)?[ t])*))*)*:(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*)?(?:[^()<>@,;:\".[] 00-31]+(?:(?:(?:rn)?[ t])+|Z|(?=[["()<>@,;:\".[]]))|"(?:[^"r\]|\.|(?:(?:rn)?[ t]))*"(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*)(?:.(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*(?:[^()<>@,;:\".[] 00-31]+(?:(?:(?:rn)?[ t])+|Z|(?=[["()<>@,;:\".[]]))|"(?:[^"r\]|\.|(?:(?:rn)?[ t]))*"(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*))*@(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*(?:[^()<>@,;:\".[] 00-31]+(?:(?:(?:rn)?[ t])+|Z|(?=[["()<>@,;:\".[]]))|[([^[]r\]|\.)*](?:(?:rn)?[ t])*)(?:.(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*(?:[^()<>@,;:\".[] 00-31]+(?:(?:(?:rn)?[ t])+|Z|(?=[["()<>@,;:\".[]]))|[([^[]r\]|\.)*](?:(?:rn)?[ t])*))*>(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*)(?:,s*(?:(?:[^()<>@,;:\".[] 00-31]+(?:(?:(?:rn)?[ t])+|Z|(?=[["()<>@,;:\".[]]))|"(?:[^"r\]|\.|(?:(?:rn)?[ t]))*"(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*)(?:.(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*(?:[^()<>@,;:\".[] 00-31]+(?:(?:(?:rn)?[ t])+|Z|(?=[["()<>@,;:\".[]]))|"(?:[^"r\]|\.|(?:(?:rn)?[ t]))*"(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*))*@(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*(?:[^()<>@,;:\".[] 00-31]+(?:(?:(?:rn)?[ t])+|Z|(?=[["()<>@,;:\".[]]))|[([^[]r\]|\.)*](?:(?:rn)?[ t])*)(?:.(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*(?:[^()<>@,;:\".[] 00-31]+(?:(?:(?:rn)?[ t])+|Z|(?=[["()<>@,;:\".[]]))|[([^[]r\]|\.)*](?:(?:rn)?[ t])*))*|(?:[^()<>@,;:\".[] 00-31]+(?:(?:(?:rn)?[ t])+|Z|(?=[["()<>@,;:\".[]]))|"(?:[^"r\]|\.|(?:(?:rn)?[ t]))*"(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*)*<(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*(?:@(?:[^()<>@,;:\".[] 00-31]+(?:(?:(?:rn)?[ t])+|Z|(?=[["()<>@,;:\".[]]))|[([^[]r\]|\.)*](?:(?:rn)?[ t])*)(?:.(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*(?:[^()<>@,;:\".[] 00-31]+(?:(?:(?:rn)?[ t])+|Z|(?=[["()<>@,;:\".[]]))|[([^[]r\]|\.)*](?:(?:rn)?[ t])*))*(?:,@(?:(?:rn)?[t])*(?:[^()<>@,;:\".[] 00-31]+(?:(?:(?:rn)?[ t])+|Z|(?=[["()<>@,;:\".[]]))|[([^[]r\]|\.)*](?:(?:rn)?[ t])*)(?:.(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*(?:[^()<>@,;:\".[] 00-31]+(?:(?:(?:rn)?[ t])+|Z|(?=[["()<>@,;:\".[]]))|[([^[]r\]|\.)*](?:(?:rn)?[ t])*))*)*:(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*)?(?:[^()<>@,;:\".[] 00-31]+(?:(?:(?:rn)?[ t])+|Z|(?=[["()<>@,;:\".[]]))|"(?:[^"r\]|\.|(?:(?:rn)?[ t]))*"(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*)(?:.(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*(?:[^()<>@,;:\".[] 00-31]+(?:(?:(?:rn)?[ t])+|Z|(?=[["()<>@,;:\".[]]))|"(?:[^"r\]|\.|(?:(?:rn)?[ t]))*"(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*))*@(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*(?:[^()<>@,;:\".[] 00-31]+(?:(?:(?:rn)?[ t])+|Z|(?=[["()<>@,;:\".[]]))|[([^[]r\]|\.)*](?:(?:rn)?[ t])*)(?:.(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*(?:[^()<>@,;:\".[] 00-31]+(?:(?:(?:rn)?[ t])+|Z|(?=[["()<>@,;:\".[]]))|[([^[]r\]|\.)*](?:(?:rn)?[ t])*))*>(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*))*)?;s

Perl 5.10 及以后版本

上面的版本，嗯，我可以说是天书吗？反正我是没有解读的想法了。当然，新版本的 Perl 语言还有一个更易读的版本（你是说真的么？）

/(?(DEFINE)
(?<address> (?&mailbox) | (?&group))
(?<mailbox> (?&name_addr) | (?&addr_spec))
(?<name_addr> (?&display_name)? (?&angle_addr))
(?<angle_addr> (?&CFWS)? < (?&addr_spec) > (?&CFWS)?)
(?<group> (?&display_name) : (?:(?&mailbox_list) | (?&CFWS))? ;
(?&CFWS)?)
(?<display_name> (?&phrase))
(?<mailbox_list> (?&mailbox) (?: , (?&mailbox))*)

(?<addr_spec> (?&local_part) @ (?&domain))
(?<local_part> (?&dot_atom) | (?&quoted_string))
(?<domain> (?&dot_atom) | (?&domain_literal))
(?<domain_literal> (?&CFWS)? [ (?: (?&FWS)? (?&dcontent))* (?&FWS)?
] (?&CFWS)?)
(?<dcontent> (?&dtext) | (?&quoted_pair))
(?<dtext> (?&NO_WS_CTL) | [x21-x5ax5e-x7e])

(?<atext> (?&ALPHA) | (?&DIGIT) | [!#$%&'*+-/=?^_`{|}~])
(?<atom> (?&CFWS)? (?&atext)+ (?&CFWS)?)
(?<dot_atom> (?&CFWS)? (?&dot_atom_text) (?&CFWS)?)
(?<dot_atom_text> (?&atext)+ (?: . (?&atext)+)*)

(?<text> [x01-x09x0bx0cx0e-x7f])
(?<quoted_pair> \ (?&text))

(?<qtext> (?&NO_WS_CTL) | [x21x23-x5bx5d-x7e])
(?<qcontent> (?&qtext) | (?&quoted_pair))
(?<quoted_string> (?&CFWS)? (?&DQUOTE) (?:(?&FWS)? (?&qcontent))*
(?&FWS)? (?&DQUOTE) (?&CFWS)?)

(?<word> (?&atom) | (?&quoted_string))
(?<phrase> (?&word)+)

# Folding white space
(?<FWS> (?: (?&WSP)* (?&CRLF))? (?&WSP)+)
(?<ctext> (?&NO_WS_CTL) | [x21-x27x2a-x5bx5d-x7e])
(?<ccontent> (?&ctext) | (?&quoted_pair) | (?&comment))
(?<comment> ( (?: (?&FWS)? (?&ccontent))* (?&FWS)? ) )
(?<CFWS> (?: (?&FWS)? (?&comment))*
(?: (?:(?&FWS)? (?&comment)) | (?&FWS)))

# No whitespace control
(?<NO_WS_CTL> [x01-x08x0bx0cx0e-x1fx7f])

(?<ALPHA> [A-Za-z])
(?<DIGIT> [0-9])
(?<CRLF> x0d x0a)
(?<DQUOTE> ")
(?<WSP> [x20x09])
)

(?&address)/x

Ruby (简单版)

Ruby 表示，其实人家还有个简单版本：

/A([w+-].?)+@[a-zd-]+(.[a-z]+)*.[a-z]+z/i

.NET

这样的版本谁没有啊——.NET 说：

^w+([-+.']w+)*@w+([-.]w+)*.w+([-.]w+)*$

grep 命令

用 grep 命令在文件中查找邮件地址，我想你不会写个若干行的正则表达式吧，意思一下就行了：

$ grep -E -o "b[A-Za-z0-9._%+-]+@[A-Za-z0-9.-]+.[A-Za-z]{2,6}b" filename.txt

SQL Server

在 SQL Server 中也是可以用正则表达式的，不过这个代码片段应该是来自某个产品环境中的，所以，还体贴的照顾了那些把邮件地址写错的人：

 select email 
 from table_name where 
 patindex ('%[ &'',":;!+=/()<>]%', email) > 0 -- Invalid characters
 or patindex ('[@.-_]%', email) > 0 -- Valid but cannot be starting character
 or patindex ('%[@.-_]', email) > 0 -- Valid but cannot be ending character
 or email not like '%@%.%' -- Must contain at least one @ and one .
 or email like '%..%' -- Cannot have two periods in a row
 or email like '%@%@%' -- Cannot have two @ anywhere
 or email like '%.@%' or email like '%@.%' -- Cannot have @ and . next to each other
 or email like '%.cm' or email like '%.co' -- Camaroon or Colombia? Typos. 
 or email like '%.or' or email like '%.ne' -- Missing last letter

Oracle PL/SQL

这个是不是有点偷懒？尤其是在那些“复杂”的正则表达式之后：

SELECT email 
FROM table_name
WHERE REGEXP_LIKE (email, '[A-Z0-9._%-]+@[A-Z0-9._%-]+.[A-Z]{2,4}');

MySQL

好吧，看来最后也一样懒：

SELECT * FROM `users` WHERE `email` NOT REGEXP '^[A-Z0-9._%-]+@[A-Z0-9.-]+.[A-Z]{2,4}$';

那么，你有没有关于验证邮件地址的正则表达式分享给大家？